ABSTRACT
Objective: The study was conducted in Pakistani population to find association of vitamin D deficiency with persistent non-specific musculoskeletal pains by comparing with pain free controls
Study Design: Case control study
Material and Methods: Patients aged 12 years or more presenting to Medical OPD with persistent nonspecific musculoskeletal pains for more than 3 months were selected as cases, while healthy individuals served as controls
Results: A total of 60 cases [patients with persistent non-specific pains] presenting to medical outpatients department at Military Hospital Rawalpindi and 60 controls were studied. Mean age of cases was 43.9 +/- 14.0 years and amongst controls were 33.2 +/- 17.8 years. Mean serum vitamin D level of 32.8 nmol/L was reported in cases whereas mean serum vitamin D level amongst controls was 26.7 +/- 17.8 nmol/L. Hypovitaminosis D amongst cases and controls was 86.6% and 95% respectively. The proportion of vitamin D deficiency did not differ significantly as compared to controls. There was non-significant difference in proportion of deficiency amongst cases and controls
Conclusion: Overall there was no association between persistent non-specific musculoskeletal pains and vitamin D deficiency
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Case-Control Studies , Healthy VolunteersABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the efficacy of Angiotension Converting Enzyme [ACEIs] v/s Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs] in management of micro albuminuria among normotensive type 2 diabetic patients
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Kohat from Oct 2011 to Mar 2012
Material and Methods: A total of 356 patients [178 in each group] between 30 and 60 years of age with newly diagnosed diabetes and having microalbuminuria fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected through consecutive sampling and were enrolled in study. Patients were divided into two groups by random sampling. Group-1 [ACEIs] received enalapril lOmg/day while group-2 [ARBs] received losartan 50mg/day. Confounding variables were excluded using exclusion criteria
Results: Mean age of the patients was 53.8 +/- 8.7 and 53.1 +/- 9.5 years in group-1 and group-2, respectively. Majority of patients in both groups were male. Efficacy was observed in 154 patients [86.5%] of group-1 and in 157 patients [88.2%] of group-2. Difference between two groups was non-significant [p>0.05]
Conclusion: ACEIs and ARBs both protect type 2 diabetic patients from developing protienuria
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Treatment Outcome , Diabetes ComplicationsABSTRACT
Aim of this study was to investigate the role of sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS] as P- glycoprotein inhibitor. The everted rat gut sac model was used to study in-vitro mucosal to serosal transport of Rhodamine-123 [Rho-123]. Surprisingly, SLS decreases the serosal absorption of Rho-123 at all investigated concentrations. Investigation reveals complex formation between Rhodamine-123 and sodium lauryl sulfate. Interaction profile of SLS and Rho-123 was studied at variable SLS concentrations. The SLS concentration higher than critical micelle concentration [CMC] increases the solubility of Rho-123 but could not help in serosal absorption, on the contrary the absorption of Rho-123 decreased. Rho-123 and SLS form pink color complex at sub-CMC. The SLS concentrations below CMC decrease the solubility of Rho-123. For further studies, Rho-123 and SLS complex was prepared by using solvent evaporation technique and characterized by using differential scanning calorimeter [DSC]. Thermal analysis also proved the formation of complex between SLS and Rho-123. The P values were found to be significant [<0.05] except group comprising 0.0001% SLS, and that is because 0.0001% SLS is seems to be very low to affect the solubility or complexation of Rho-123
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate , Surface-Active AgentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L. (R. vesicarius).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present study, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of R. vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate, DNA sugar damage, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin. High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R. vesicarius L. was also done.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system, hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R. vesicarius. Among them, methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy. The methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic, total flavonoids and total proanthocyanidin contents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that the extracts can be a vital source of phytochemical antioxidants.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to determine the quantity of hesperidin in different varieties of citrus fruits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The method was carried out in aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates with ethyl acetate-methanol-water 15:3:2 (%, v/v) as mobile phase.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A compact band was obtained for hesperidin at Rf value of (0.40±0.04). The calibration plot was linear in the range of 100-800 ng/spot of hesperidin and the correlation coefficient of 0.998 6 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. Limit of detection (8.87 ng/spot), limit of quantification (23.21 ng/spot), accuracy (less than 2%) and recovery (ranging from 98.55-99.38) were found satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The method developed can be used for routine analysis of hesperidin in crude drug as well as in herbal and pharmaceutical dosage form containing citrus fruits as an ingredient.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To correlate the chromatographic and computational method to calculate lipophilicity of selected ginger compounds and to observe the effects of log P on wound healing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mixtures of acetonitrile and water with acetonitrile content between 95% and 50% v/v in 5% increments were kept separately in 10 different chromatographic chambers, saturated with solvent for 2 h. Spots were observed under UV light at λ=254 nm p-anisaldehyde used as a spraying reagent. Theoretical calculation was done using the Alogps 2.1 online program at www.vcclab.org/lab/alogps. For percentage wound contraction, five groups of animal (mice) (25-30 g) of either sex were selected. Wound were created on dorsal surface of animals using toothed forceps, scalpel and pointed scissors. The wound areas were calculated using vernier caliper. After making wound mice were orally administered 35 mg/kg 6-shogoal, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively. Group E as the control group received tap water.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lipophilicity values determined in thin layer chromatography were correlated with the theoretically calculated various log P by linear regression analysis. Significant correlations were found between log P values calculated by software program and the experimental reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography data. Order of wound healing property of ginger compounds is directly dependent on lipophilicity i.e. more lipophilic compound has highest activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Experimentally determined lipophilicity (R MO) values were correlated with log P determined by software's and found satisfactory. Lipophilicity (R MO) is a useful parameter for the determination and prediction of biological activity of ginger compounds.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L. (R. vesicarius). Methods: In the present study, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of R. vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(
ABSTRACT
Apart from advancement in diagnosis and management of skin diseases, several problems are still having no radical cure in dermatology and seborrhoeic dermatitis is one of them. In Unani medicine, management of several diseases are described in accordance with its fundamental principle of Mijaz and Akhlat, and have very promising effect on such diseases. Musaffiyat are in fact the key tools for almost every skin disorder. Several Unani formulations are being used since ancient times without any known side effects. As our study is based on modern approach of diagnosis and management, the result may be considered as more promising